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Order of Cumulative Adjectivess
Cumulative is the term used to describe a string
of adjectives modifying (describing) the same noun. Convention has established
a usual order for these modifiers. For example, we would not (or should not)
say, "Winter woman's coats," or, "Warm women's winter coats,"
but rather, "Women's winter coats," or, "Women's warm winter
coats." It's a matter of logic and the usual rule of English that words
that belong together stand together.
The normal order for these modifiers is as follows:
- Markers
- Article: a, an, the
- Possessive: my, John's, women's
- Number: four, few, several
- Evaluation (Writer's opinion)
- Lovely, tasteful, depressing, cheerful
- Physical Qualities
- Size: giant, 10-foot, minuscule
- Shape: pyramid, blob, tube
- Condition: rusty, brittle, used
- Age: Ancient, 6-year, new
- Color: black, blue, ecru
- Pattern, style, design: argyle, dotted,
batik
- Source
- Nationality: American, Chinese, Greek
- Location: southern, Vermont
- Religion: Jewish, Muslim
- Made of
- Stone, glass, plastic, linen
- Class/type (often a noun working as
an adjective)
- Coffee (table), ski (boots), pine (tree)
- Noun
- The object described: jacket, box,
child, store
- Here are some examples:
- John's beautiful teenage daughters
- Some large, round, gray stepping stones
- A priceless, antique southern pine writing
desk
- A well-worn, black herringbone sport coat
- While the examples above and below illustrate the generally accepted order, variations are possible.
- Examples: "My two, blue Persian cats," but "My boys' broken bicycles."
Is there a difference between "An antique lacquered box" and "A lacquered antique box"?
- There are a number of other points to be considered.
- Rarely use more than three adjectives following the markers.
- Participles, both present (ing) and past (ed), can be adjectives.
- Don't use commas between the adjectives unless there are two or more in the same category. To test for this, see if "and" could be inserted. When it can, use the conjunction or a comma.
- Examples:
- Three vacant, run-down Victorian houses. (Two conditions)
- John's red and black plaid wool vest. (Two colors)
- Do not use a comma between the last modifier and the noun.
- Any adjective may take an intensifier (adverb modifier) such as "too" or "very."
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